Classification of logical fallacies ------------------------------------ Source: How to Win Every Argument (Madsen Pirie, 2006, ISBN: 0826490069) The formal fallacies Affirming the consequent Conclusion which denies premises Contradictory premises Denying the antecedent Exclusive premises Existential fallacy False conversion Illicit process (minor) Illicit process (major) Positive conclusion/negative premises Quaternio terminorum Undistributed middle The informal linguistic fallacies Accent Amphiboly Composition Division Equivocation Reification The informal fallacies of relevance (omission) Bogus dilemma Concealed quantification Damning the alternatives Definitional retreat Extensional pruning Hedging Ignorantiam, argumentum ad Lapidem, argumentum ad Nauseam, argumentum ad One-sided assessment Refuting the example Shifting ground Shifting the burden of proof Special pleading Straw man The exception that proves the rule Trivial objections Unaccepted enthymemes Unobtainable perfection The informal fallacies of relevance (intrusion) Blinding with science Crumenam, argumentum ad Emotional appeals (argumentum ad invidiam) (argumentum ad metum) (argumentum ad modum) (argumentum ad odium) (argumentum ad superbiam) (argumentum ad superstitionem) (sentimens superior) Every schoolboy knows Genetic fallacy Hominem (abusive) argumentum ad Hominem (circumstantial) argumentum ad Ignoratio elenchi Irrelevant humour Lazarum, argumentum ad Loaded words Misericordiam, argumentum ad Poisoning the well Populum, argumentum ad The red herring The runaway train The slippery slope Tu quoque Verecundiam, argumentum ad Wishful thinking The informal fallacies of relevance (presumption) Abusive analogy Accident Analogical fallacy Antiquitam, argumentum ad Apriorism Bifurcation Circulus in probando Complex questions Cum hoc ergo propter hoc Dicto simpliciter Ex-post-facto statistics The gambler's fallacy Non-anticipation Novitam, argumentum ad Petitio principii Post hoc ergo propter hoc Secundum quid Temperantiam, argumentum ad Thatcher's blame